Blast furnace



e. L. SHOOK.

BLAST FURNACE.

FILED AUG.9| 1922.

Mar. 20, 1923.

FILL El? 5 TRIP ATTORNEY areas Mai.- ao, i923.

outrun STATES imam :rn ram" oirrms.

GEORGE L. 'SHOOK, or Pour nnnnvpnnw YORK.

' BLAST FURNACE.

Application filed. August 9,1922. Seria1tTo."580,786.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that IpGnonen L. 811001;. a citizen of the United States of America. residing at Port Henry, in the county of Essex and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Blast Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to blast furnaces particularly to the stockline section thereof,

and the object of myinvention is to provide a long lived lining for thestock line; a lining which will have a Wfitt'llllgl surface capable of resisting abrasion duet-o the impinging of the materials'ttorming the charge during the charging periods; which will be comparatively inexpensiva'and easyto put in place; and, which when properly installedwill not. become loosened either from the :shocksdue to theentrance of the charge, or by the 'action of the igaseslor distorted'to any 'appreciahledegreeby the Widely varying temperatures to which the upper part of a blast. furnace is constantly subjected.

With my object in view. this invention resides not only in' the shape and proportions ofthelinmg units, but also in the manner in "which the same are installed in the fun nace.

accompanyin'g drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 19a vertical section through the top of a blast *l nrnaee provided with my improved stock linesection.

Fig. 2 is ajplan view illustratingthe relative positions of thelining units when installed. i

Fig. 3 is a plan view of one form of my improved lining unit, Fig; 4 is an end eleof which embrace and support thehopper 4, the dischargeopening thereof being closed by 'the'bell 5,'all in the usual manner. A flue (or fiues) 6, opens through the wall just belowtheihopper.

1 Materials with which the furnace is to be chargedfiare deposited in the hopper l, and

My improvements are illustrated in the.

at the proper time the'bell 5 is lowered and the materials. discharging'through the opening in'the bottom of the hopper, are directed by the inclinedsurtace of the hell 5, against the wall o'f the furnace as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1.

The stock line or that portion ofthe furnace wall against which the materials forming the charge are directed by the hell 5, is designed to deflect the charge in a manner :which will cause the desired distribu- -tion of its component'parts, so as to insure a prop'er mixing of the coarse and fine par- 'tieles thereof. When the stock line 'i'vears so that the shape and diameter thereof is changed the charge will be improperly dis- 1 tributed and cause irregular furnace conditions the result of which will be misfit iron. p

Numerous attempts have been made to protect the surface of thebrick lini'ngof" furnaces at the stock line, from fabrasion due to the impinging oft'he charge as it en- :te'i's the furnace, but 'none of them have been successful in prolonging'the life of the liningat the stock line to any great extent.

Some of the methods have'proven' to bead tually detrimental rather than beneficial, it being found 'tliat'when they were used the lining had'toibe renewed soon'er'th'an when only the usual brick lining was employed.

H'eret-o'fore the protective element or ll'lGtH-l has usually been held in place: by being embedded between courses ot tihe usual brick. but'in one case with which the appli'cant is conversanta heavy ring of metal'o'f proper length and diameter was suspended in front of the brickat the stock line by meansof bolts embedded'iii 'andipassing through the brick lining. failed as it was impractical to attach bolts of "sufiicient strength to I support the shield and withstand the tem- -peratures=to which they wereexposed.

Heretofore when the protective "element was-made up of comparatively small units,

the units were fastened in place by havin'g a portion thereof embedded between courses of the bricks forming the lining wall; some of 'the units being I shaped and having one leg embedded between courses ofthe .liningbrick, the other leg projecting in :front ofand shielding adjacent courses of the brick. Other units were -"-|-sl1aped;and embedded in a similar manner. When these :types areusech it is 'found'that the'difiere'nce in expansion-between theprotective unit' an'd and the unit to become slightly loosened in its bed. After this takes place, the continued and repeated pounding due to the impact of the charge when it is directed against the unit in entering the furnace, causes the supporting bricks (which are comparatively fragile) to disintegrate and portions thereof to drop out of place, and soon results in the displacementof the unit. After one breach is made the lining soon follows the protective unit and eventually most of the stock line is enlarged and fails to function properly.

After years of experimentation and trial, I have overcome these difliculties and produced a satisfactory and long lived stock line which will last practically as long as the furnace, by means of a lining unit of substantially the shape and relative dimensions, and installed substantially as, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and hereinafter described. i My improved lining unit is a casting, preferably of white iron and having an overall thickness substantially the same as the thickness of the lining bricks which are to be used. They are wedge shaped and the ends are. curved on a radius to conform to the diameter of the furnace in which they are to be used. The width of the segments are to be such that a designated number will completea circle when placed side by side, with 'a space of about one quarter of an inch between segments. The length of the segment will of course depend on the size of the furnace and the thickness of the wall which is tobe' used, I prefer however to have the length about equal to one and one-half the width of the large or wide end of the segment.

Formed in the upper side of the segmental lining unit 7, is a cavity 8', of such shape and size that there left a comparatively thick wall at the narrow end (which is adapted to be exposed whenthe unit is set in place in the furnace) and a comparatively thin wall at the bottom, sides, and wide end of said cavity; the comparatively thin walls gradually increasing in thickness before they join onto the thick wall 9, at the narrow end of said unit. Substantial fillets are used in all corners of said cavity so as to lessen the danger ofchecking as the casting expands and contracts in service. A block 27 inches in length would have a wall 5 inches thick at 9, and t inch thick at 10.

Bolt holes 11, in the sides of the unit, adapted to pass'bolts 12, providemeans for fastening adjacent units together and preventing their displacement. Instead of usingbolts to fasten units in place, I may form projections 14, 15, on top of the side walls It), and an opening 16, in the bottom of the unit, so that when successive courses of the units are laid in place (the joints are broken as shown in Fig. l) the projection 14:, on one unit and the projection 15 on the adjoining unit will enter a hole 16, in the bottom of a unit in the succeeding course and so prevent any appreciable lateral displacement of the units after being put in place. As each course of units is laid the cavities in the units are filled with brick bats or other available suitable material.

In placing the segments in position I use a wooden strip as a filler between units, this filler being about one quarter of an'inch thick and adapted to hold the units in proper spaced relation from each other. When the furnace is fired these filler strips burn or char and permit the necessary expansion of the units, If there is an unnecessary amount of space in some cases, it soon fills with carbon which prevents any undesirabl gas leakage therethrough.

In a blast furnace having my improved lining blocks installed it is desirable to leave a space 17 between the back of the units 7, and the brick lining, and to fill this space with granulated cinder. A space may also be left between the wall 3, and the shell 2,

and be filled with the same material.

A blast furnace provided with my improved lining units at the stock line, will not require repairs at that point for a very long period of time; the units themselves are comparatively inexpensive and. easily. handled, will wear for a very long time, and will not become distorted or get out of place if properly installed; being laid without any bricks interposed and all tied together in the terials, successive courses in contact with each other, the units in each courseslightly separated.

l 2. In a blast furnace, a stock line section faced with courses of metal lining units havinga cavity formed in the upper surface thereof, said cavity filled with clayish ma terials, successive courses in contact with each other, the units in each course held against more than a limited lateral displacement,

3. In a blast furnace, a stock line section faced with courses of metal lining units having a cavity formed in the upper surface thereof, said courses in substantial contact one with another, the units forming a course slightly separated from each other and held against more than a limited lateral displacement.

4. A lining unit for the stock line of a blast furnace, comprising a metal casting wedge shaped in plan and substantially rectangular in elevation, and having a cavity formed in. one side thereof so shapedand proportioned as to leave a comparatively thin Wall at the bottom, both sides, and the Wide end of said cavity,and a comparatively thick Wall at the narrow end thereof.

A lining unit for the stock line of a blast furnace, comprising a metal casting Wedge shaped in plan and substantially rectangular in elevation, and having a cavity formed in one side thereof so shaped and proportioned as to leave a comparatively thin Wall at the bottom, sides, and Wide end of saidcavity and a comparatively thick Wall at the narrow end thereof; and means whereby the unit may beconnected to adjoining units.

6'. A lining unit for the stock line of a blast furnace, comprising a metal casting Wedge shaped in plan and rectangular in elevation, and having a cavity formed in and means whereby said unit may be connected to adjoining units.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature.

GEORGE L. SHOCK. 

